Vehicle brake



H. E. WHITE May 28, 1935.

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May 28, 1935. H. E. WHITE 2,002,990

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9 Sheets-Sheet 9 Filed Aug. 14, 1931 Patented May 28, 1935 i UNITED STATES VEHICLE BRAKE Herbert E. White, Cleveland, Ohio, assignor to Truscon Steel Company,l Youngstown, Ohio, a corporation of Michigan Application August 14, 1931, Serial N0. 557,168

` Claims.

The increase in the weight and in the speed of motor vehicles has created a very serious problem in providing adequate means for braking such vehicles. The space available for the installa- 5 tion of the brakes is limited and the area of the braking surfaces now in general use is relatively small.

The primary object of the present invention is to provide brake mechanism of a decidedly simple and compact form which will secure a relatively great amount of frictional braking surface, and in which the braking action can be varied with a delicacy that will slow down or bring to a standstill the vehicle with ease and smoothness and yet if necessary, with expedition. 4

A further object is to provide a structure that can be readily installed, is quickly available for Iinspection and repair, will automatically take up wear and is capable of having readily added thereto or subtracted therefrom braking elements to readily vary the amountv of braking action or resistance to suit the conditions of the particular vehicle on which the mechanism is employed.

In the. accompanying drawings:

Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view through a portion of a shaft housing and automobile Wheel equipped with an embodiment of the invention that is at present considered the preferable one.

Figures 2 and 3 are sectional views respectively onthe lines 2-2 and 3-3 of Figure 1, looking in.

the direction of the arrows.

Figure 4 is a sectional view on the line 4--4 of Figure 1.

Figure 5 is a detail view of one of the outer disk-pressing rings.

Figure 6 is a detail sectional View on an enlarged scale, but taken on the line 6-6 of Figure 4. Figures '7, 8 and 9 are detail sectional views on the line 8-8 of Figure 4 and illustratingthe` camming action between the two pressing rings. Figure 10 is a detail end elevation of the outer ring to illustrate the mounting for one-off., the rollers. 1 Figure 11 is a detail sectional view onthe line II-,ll of Figure 2. l l Figure 12 is a side elevation of` theperipheral wall of the brake housing. Figure 13 is a view in,elevation of the `'wheel hub.

for pressing the brake ,disks togethr .f l

Figure 15 is a view in elevationof'ne of the 55 brake disks that is mounted on the wheel hub.

Figure 14 is a view in elevation ofthecain (Cl. 18S-72) Figure 16 is a similar view of one of the brake disks that is mounted on the peripheral housing I Wall.

Figure 17 is a vertical sectional view through a modied form of ring operating means.

Figure 18 is a section on the line |8-l8 of Figure 17.

' Figure 19 is a detail cross sectional view on the line I9-I 9 of Figure 18.

Figure 20 is a vertical sectional view through another form of disk-pressing mechanism.

Figure 21 is a sectional view on the line 2I2I y of Figure 20.

In the embodiment. first disclosed, a portion of an axle housing is shown at 22, in which is journaled la rotatable axle 23 having a projecting spindle 24 on which is mounted a rotatable vehicle wheel. This wheel comprises a Yhub 25 having a rearwardly and outwardly extending flange portion 26. Detachably secured to the outer side of said iiange portion by bolts 21 is a wheel body 28-carrying peripheral means for receiving and holding the usual pneumatic tire 29. The type of the wheel body is of course relatively immaterial. 25

Secured to the outer end of the axle housing 22 is a fixed collar 30 carryingan anti-friction ball bearing sleeve 3|, and clamped betweenthis sleeve 3| and the collar 3U is the inner side wall 32 of a brake housing. The peripheral margin of this wall has secured to it `by bolts 33vor other o fasteners the peripheral wall '34 of said brake housing, and this peripheral wall has an inturned outer portion A35 forming the outersideA wall of the brake housing. 'Ihe'wallf35,it will be observedl vhas its inner margin inset to provide an annular rounded-rib,36. 'v 1 l y The flangefportion 26 of tY e wheel hub extends into the housingor'in other .words beyond the wall 35, andllisinopposition to and spaced from ,the peripheral.wall,34. In this space and therefore in the brake housing, are a plurality of rela- -tively rotatable` interleafed'brake' plates -in the ,form of 'flat Lmetal disks 31 and 38. ,Inthe pres.- j Aent-embodiment,but three disks are employed, "5

but this number may obviously be increased. The

.outerdisks 3l are'provided in their .peripheries with notches y39 that receive holding lugs-V `Il) kformed'on the internal sides` of the peripheral .brake housing wall 3l. The said disks are therel fore kheld against rotation; The central disk sa ,Y has in its internal margins notches `4I thatreceive lugs 42 formed on the'peripheral fiangeporltion 26 of the hub 25. Therefore the "central "brakef disk rotates with thevwheel. the'present form of construction the disk38 is provided 55 any suitable actuating mechanism.

on its opposite side with suitable friction disks 43.

The outer disk 31 has an annular central bearing against the rib 36 of the outer housing wall 35, and means are provided for pressing the disks together and against the rib 36, which thus constitutes an abutment. In the present embodiment this pressing means is as follows. Against the inner face of the inner non-rotating brake disk 31 is a flat metal pressing ring 44 provided lwheels 58 that ride against the inner face of the inner housing wall 32 and also carrying between said wheels 58 rollers 5| of less diameterr than the wheels 50, the rollers 5| riding the cam tracks 45 of the ring 44 when the ring 41 is rotated as will be clear by reference to Figures '1, 8 and 9.

A partial rotation of the ring 41 is effected by an eccentric 52 which operates against bearing plates 53 secured to the ring 41 on opposite sides of an opening 54 formed in said ring, and shown particularly in Figures 4 and 11. The eccentric 52 is mounted on a rock shaft 55 journaled in a sleeve 56 that is secured to the inner housing wall 32 and this rock shaft is provided at its inner end with a crank arm 51 connected to a suitable rod or link 58 that is in turn connected to The operation of the structure is as follows. As long as the rollers 5| are at the bottoms of the cam notches 46, the ring 44 is loose with respect to the braking disks 31 and 38. Consequently the disk 38 can rotate freely with the vehicle wheel. When, however, the crank arm 58 is turned, by operating the treadle, the brake lever, or other prime mover, the eccentric 52 is turned. This acting on one of the plates 53 turns the ring 41. This causes the rollers 5| to ride outwardly on the cam tracks 46 and press the ring 44 toward the brake disks 31 and 38, pressing these disks tol gether and creating frictional resistance to their relative rotation, thereby braking the wheel. A reverse movement of the crank arm 51 again releases the brake disks and' permits the disk 38 carried by the wheel, to again freely rotate. It will be noted `that in this structure the ring 4| will lie fiat against the adjacent brake disk 31, and because of the central bearings of the rollers 5| against the cam faces 46, the ring 4| can give laterally. It will also be noted that the outer brake disk 31 has a central line bearing against the rib 36 and consequently is also permitted to have lateral swinging play. This is of some importance because there is a variation vin the 'amount of wear of the disks, the outer portions normally having greater wear than the inner portions, but because of the structure, it will be evident that the disks will give as th parts wear and insure surface contact throughout their extent irrespective of such wear.

Referring now to the modification shown in Figures 1'1, 18' and 19, the general structure is the same as' that already described, except for the means that moves the outer actuating ring. In this form of construction the wheel hub is shown at 58, the brake housing is shown at 68, and as it corresponds in all respects to that -already described, the description is not repeated.

The rotating brake disk is shown at 6| and is interlocked with the wheel hub, as illustrated at 62. 'I'he stationary or non-rotatable disks are illustrated at 63 and are interlocked with the lugs 64 on the peripheral wall of the brake housing. The inner disk pressing ring is shown at 65 A and is the same as the ring 44. 'I'he outer actuating ring is designated 66 and carries the rollers 61 which operate against the cams of the inner ring 65.

The ring 66 in this form of construction has a reenforced slot 68 in which is engaged a transverse pin- 69 that projects beyond the rear housing wall 68 and is carried by a reciprocatory piston 1| lmounted in a cylinder 12 xed to said housing wall 68. The piston 1| is pressed in theodirection to free the brake disks by a spring 13 housed in one end of the cylinder 12 and bearing against the adjacent end of the piston. The other end of the piston is provided with suitable packing rings 14 and behind said end of the piston is a chamber 15 for the reception of fluid under pressure. This fluid is conducted `to the chamber 15 by a suitable supply pipe. 16 leading from any suitable source and controlled by a valve, all of which it is believedv is readily understood and is therefore not illustrated.

Obviously the action of this structure is the same as that already described.

Whenever fluid is admitted to the chamber 15 the piston 1| is moved, thereby carrying the ring 66 in a direction to cause the rollers to ride the cams and press the ring 65 outwardly or against thebraking disks. When the fluid pressure is released the spring 13 which has been compressed reacts and returns the ring 66 to release the brake disks.

In another form of construction shown in Figures 20 and 21, the general brake structure is substantiauy the same, but different means is employed for pressing the brake disks together.

In'this structure the rear wall of the brake housing is shown at 11, the wheel hub is illustrated at 18, the brake disk that rotates with said hub, is'shown at 18, the coacting non-rotating brake disks on opposite sides of the disk .18 are designated 88. Operating against the inner of these vdisks 88 is achannel pressing ring 8|. This ring has attached to it outstanding piston rods 82 fixed to pistons 83 that are located in outstanding cylinders 84 placed at different points about the inner wall 11. 'I'he pistons 83 are moved outwardly by springs 85 behind them, and are moved inwardly by fluid under pressure conducted to the cylinders 84 behind the pistons 83 by supply pipes 86. Obviously when uid under pressure is admitted to these pipes, the pistons 83 are forced inwardly, causing the ring 8| to press the brake disks together and create a frictional lbraking action between them. When this fluid pressure is released the springs 85 react and move the pressing ring 8| outwardly, again releasing the brake disks, and thus permitting the central rotating disc 18 to rotate freely with the wheel.

From the foregoing, it is thought that the construction, operation and many advantages of the herein described invention will be 'apparent to those skilled in the art without further descriptien, and' it will be understood that various changes in the size, shape, proportion and minor details of construction may be resorted to without departing from the spirit or sacrificing any of the advantages of the invention.

What I claim, is:

1. I'he combination with a xed support, of a wheel journaled thereon, interleaved relatively rotatable brake plates carried respectively by the support and wheel, means for pressing the plates together to create braking resistance to their rela.- tive rotation, and an abutment for said brake plates located between the inner and outer edges of both relatively rotatable plates and permitting a rocking movement of the plates to accommodate radially disposed differences in thickness of said disks.

2. The combination with a xed support, of a wheel journaled thereon, interleaved relatively rotatable brake plates carried respectively by the support and wheel, means for pressing the plates together to create braking resistance to their relative rotation, and an abutment member for said brake plates comprising a wall hav-lng an annular inset transversely rounded rib against which one of the outermost plates bears between its outer and inner edges.

3. The combination with a brake housing including a peripheral wall and a side wall having an annular inset transversely rounded rib, of a wheel having a hub located inside the peripheral wall, a set of interleaved relatively rotatable brake disks interposed between the hub and peripheral wall and respectively interengaged therewith, vone of the set having a bearing against the rounded rib, and means .for forcing said disks against' said rib.

4. The combination with a brake housing comprising an inner side wall, a peripheral wall and an outer side wall carried by the peripheral vwall having an inset transversely rounded rib, of a wheel having a hub extending through the outer wall into the housing, a set of relatively rotatable interleaved brake disks in the housing between the hub and peripheral wall and respectively interlocked therewith, the outer of the disks having a bearing against the rib of the outer housing wall, and means extending through the inner wall for pressing' said disks together and against the transversely rounded face of said rib of the outer wall.

5. The'combination with an axle support, of a brake housing xed against rotation to the support and including spaced side walls and a peripheral wall connecting the side Walls, one of said walls having an inset transversely rounded bearing rib. a rotatable wheel hub extending into the housing, interleaved braking disks connected respectively to the housing and hub and laterally movable to clamp against one another, one of the outermost of the disks having a bearing between its inner and outer edges against the bead, and means for forcing the disks together and the said outer one against said bead.

HERBERT E. WHITE. 

